01 Yini i-hemoglobin
Isifinyezo sesiNgisi se-hemoglobin sithi HGB noma Hb.I-Hemoglobin iyiphrotheni ekhethekile ehambisa umoya-mpilo kumangqamuzana abomvu egazi.Iphrotheni eyenza igazi libe bomvu.Yakhiwe nge-Globin ne-heme.Iyunithi yokulinganisa inani lamagremu e-hemoglobin ilitha ngalinye (1000 ml) legazi.Inani lokusetshenziswa kwe-hemoglobin namangqamuzana abomvu egazi liyafana, futhi ukwanda nokuncipha kwe-hemoglobin kungabhekisa emtholampilo wokwanda nokuncipha kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi.
Inani lereferensi le-hemoglobin liyahluka kancane kuye ngobulili neminyaka.Ibanga lesithenjwa limi kanje: owesilisa omdala: 110-170g/L, owesifazane omdala: 115-150g/L, osanda kuzalwa: 145-200g/L
02 i-hemoglobin ngaphansi kwebanga elivamile
Ukwehla kwe-hemoglobin kungahlukaniswa ngezinguquko ze-physiological and pathological.Ukwehliswa kwe-pathological kuvame ukubonakala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ze-anemia, futhi izizathu ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:
① Ukungasebenzi kahle komnkantsha wethambo, njenge-aplastic anemia, i-leukemia, i-myeloma, ne-bone marrow fibrosis;
② Ukuntuleka kwe-hematopoietic noma isithiyo sokusebenzisa, njenge-Iron-deficiency anemia, i-sideroblastic anemia, i-megaloblastic anemia, i-erythropenia (ukuntuleka kwe-folic acid novithamini B);
③ Ukulahleka kwegazi okubukhali nokungapheli, njengokulahleka kwegazi okubukhali ngemuva kokuhlinzwa noma ukuhlukumezeka, isilonda se-peptic, isifo esiyiParasitic;
④ Ukubhujiswa ngokweqile kwamaseli egazi, njenge-hereditary spherocytosis, i-paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, i-hemoglobinopathy engavamile, i-hemolytic anemia;
⑤ I-anemia ebangelwa noma ehambisana nezinye izifo (ezifana nokuvuvukala, isifo sesibindi, isifo se-Endocrine system).
Lapho izimo ezihlukahlukene ze-anemia zenzeka, ngenxa yamazinga ahlukene e-hemoglobin emangqamuzaneni abomvu egazi, izinga lokuncipha kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kanye ne-hemoglobin liyavumelana.Isilinganiso se-hemoglobin singasetshenziselwa ukuqonda izinga le-anemia, kodwa ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuqonda uhlobo lwe-anemia, isibalo samangqamuzana abomvu egazi kanye nokuhlolwa kokwakheka kwe-morphological, kanye nezinye izinkomba ezihlobene namangqamuzana abomvu egazi, kudingeka zenziwe.
03 I-Hemoglobin ngaphezu kwebanga elivamile
Ukwanda kwe-hemoglobin nakho kungahlukaniswa ngokunyuka komzimba kanye ne-pathological.Ukuphakama komzimba kuvamile ezindaweni eziphakeme, futhi izakhamuzi, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, abantu abasanda kuzalwa, nabantu abanempilo enhle abahlala ezindaweni eziphakeme bangase babe nokwanda kwe-hemoglobin ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca okukhulu noma umsebenzi onzima womzimba.Ukugcwala komoyampilo emoyeni endaweni ephakeme kuphansi kunasethafeni.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe isidingo se-oxygen eyanele, umzimba uzoba nokusabela okunxeshezelwayo, okungukuthi, inani lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi lizokhula, okuzoholela ekwandeni kwe-hemoglobin.Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “hypererythrosis”, okuwukugula okungapheli kwentaba.Ngokufanayo, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa nezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, ngenxa yesimo se-hypoxic esibelethweni, zinezinga eliphezulu le-hemoglobin, elingehla liye ebangeni elivamile lezindinganiso zabantu abadala ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-1-2 zokuzalwa.Lapho siqala ukuvivinya umzimba ngamandla noma ukusebenza kanzima ngokomzimba, singase sibe ne-hypoxia kanye nokujuluka ngokweqile, okwandisa i-viscosity yegazi kanye ne-hemoglobin.
Ukuphakama kwe-Pathological kungahlukaniswa ngokuphakama okulinganiselwe kanye nokuphakama okuphelele.Ukwanda okuhlobene ngokuvamile kuwukukhohlisa kwesikhashana okubangelwa ukwehla kwevolumu ye-plasma kanye nokwanda okuhlobene kwezingxenye ezibonakalayo egazini.Kuvame ukubonakala ekugxilweni kwegazi eliphelelwe amanzi, futhi kuvame ukubangelwa ukuhlanza okukhulu, isifo sohudo esiningi, ukujuluka okuningi, ukushisa okukhulu, isifo sikashukela insipidus, nokusetshenziswa kwemithamo emikhulu ye-diuretics.
Ukwanda okuphelele kuhlobene kakhulu ne-tissue hypoxia, ukwanda kwezinga le-erythropoietin egazini, nokukhululwa okusheshayo kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi emnkantsheni, okungabonakala ku:
① I-Polycythemia Eyisisekelo: Kuyisifo esingamahlalakhona se-myeloproliferative, esivame kakhulu emtholampilo.Ibonakala ngesikhumba esibomvu se-mucosa esibangelwa ukwanda kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu kanye nomthamo wegazi lonke, okuhambisana nokwanda kwamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe namaplatelet.
② I-Polycythemia Yesibili: ibonakala ku-pulmonary heart disease, i-Emphysema evimbelayo, i-cyanotic Congenital heart defect kanye nesifo se-hemoglobin esingavamile;Ihlobene nezinye izimila kanye nezifo zezinso, njengomdlavuza wezinso, i-hepatocellular carcinoma, i-Uterine fibroid, umdlavuza we-ovarian, i-embryoma yezinso kanye ne-Hydronephrosis, izinso ze-polycystic, nokufakelwa kwezinso;Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungabonakala futhi ekwandeni kokuhlangana kwe-erythropoietin yomndeni ezenzakalelayo kanye nokwanda kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi okubangelwa izidakamizwa.
04 I-Hemoglobin Ekuqeqesheni Kwezemidlalo
Abasubathi banezinhlobonhlobo zezinguquko ze-hemoglobin, ezinomehluko obalulekile womuntu ngamunye.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abantu abane-hemoglobin ephakeme noma ephansi, ukuphakama kokuguquguquka kwe-hemoglobin yabo ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kokuzivocavoca ngokuvamile kuhambisana nezinga loshintsho lomthwalo wokuzivocavoca, futhi kokubili kuhlala ngaphakathi kohlu oluthile lokuguquguquka.Enkambweni yokuqapha i-hemoglobin, ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuhlolwa okunenhloso eyengeziwe kanye nesiqondiso sokuqeqeshwa, ukuhlolwa komuntu ngamunye kufanele kwenziwe ngezinguquko ku-hemoglobin yomsubathi ngamunye.
Ekuqaleni kokuqeqeshwa okunamandla, abasubathi bathambekele ekwehleni kwe-Hb, kodwa ukuncipha ngokuvamile kungaphakathi kuka-10% wesilinganiso sabo esimaphakathi, futhi ngeke kube nokwehla okuphawulekayo emandleni okusubatha.Ngemuva kwesigaba sokuqeqeshwa, lapho umzimba uvumelana nenani lokuzivocavoca, ukuhlushwa kwe-Hb kuzophinde kuvuke, kukhuphuke cishe ngo-10% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga layo eliphakathi, okuwukubonakaliswa komsebenzi othuthukisiwe kanye nekhono lokugijima.Ngalesi sikhathi, abasubathi ngokuvamile benza kangcono emiqhudelwaneni;Uma izinga le-Hb namanje lingakhuphuki noma libonise ukwehla ngemva kwesigaba sokuqeqeshwa, lidlula inani lokuqala eliyisisekelo ngo-10% kuya ku-15%, libonisa ukuthi umthwalo wokuvivinya umzimba uphezulu futhi umzimba awukakajwayelani nomsebenzi. umthwalo.Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukulungisa uhlelo lokuqeqesha kanye nokuhlelwa kokuncintisana, nokuqinisa ukwesekwa kokudla okunomsoco.
Ngakho phakathi nenqubo yokuhlonza i- hemoglobin, kungenzeka ukunquma ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kwezemidlalo okuyinhloko, ukuqeqeshwa kokukhuthazela, noma ukuqeqeshwa kwejubane kwabasubathi, okungasiza abaqeqeshi ukuba bakhethe izinto zokwakha.
05 Ukutholwa kwe-hemoglobin
Ukutholwa kwe-hemoglobin kudinga ukuba kuthathwe amasampula egazi esibhedlela ukuze kuhlolwe ilabhorethri, futhi indlela yokulinganisa evame ukusetshenziswa i-blood analyzer colorimetry.Ngokusebenzisa i-analyzer yamangqamuzana egazi, ukugcwala kwe-hemoglobin kungahlaziywa ngokuzenzakalelayo.Ezibhedlela ezijwayelekile, inani le-hemoglobin akudingekile ukuba lihlolwe ngokwehlukana, futhi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile kuhlanganisa nokuhlolwa kwesibalo se-hemoglobin.
06 I-hemoglobin analyzer ephathekayo
Iyaphathekai-hemoglobin analyzeriyi-analyzer esebenzisa isimiso sokubonisa ukukhanya ukuze kutholwe ukugcwala kwe-hemoglobin egazini lonke lama-capillaries noma emithanjeni yomuntu.Imitha ye-hemoglobiningathola ngokushesha imiphumela ethembekile ngokusebenza okulula.Incane, iyaphatheka, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, futhi iyashesha ukubona umucu wokuhlola amakhemikhali owomilei-hemoglobin monitor.Ngeconsi elilodwa nje legazi lomunwe, izinga le-hemoglobin (Hb) lesiguli kanye ne-hematocrit (HCT) lingatholwa phakathi nemizuzwana eyi-10.Ilungele kakhulu izibhedlela kuwo wonke amazinga ukuthi yenze ukuhlolwa kokunakekelwa, futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ukukhushulelwa kanye nokusetshenziswa emisebenzini yomphakathi yokuhlolwa komzimba.Izindlela zokubona zendabuko zidinga ukuqoqwa kwamasampula egazi bese liwabuyisela elabhorethri ukuze liyohlolwa, okuwumthwalo osindayo futhi okungelula ukuthi izisebenzi zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zikwazi ukuxhumana neziguli kanye nemindeni yazo ngesikhathi esifanele.Kodwa-ke, amamitha we-hemoglobin ephathekayo anikeza isisombululo esingcono salokhu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-20-2023