I-SARS CoV-2, ICoronavirus Ekhethekile

Kusukela kwenzeka icala lokuqala lesifo se-coronavirus, ngoDisemba 2019, ukugula okuwubhubhane kusakazekele ezigidini zabantu emhlabeni jikelele.Lo bhubhane lomhlaba wonke wenoveliIsifo esibi kakhulu sokuphefumula kwe-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)ingenye yezinhlekelele zezempilo eziphoqelela kakhulu futhi eziphathelene nembulunga yonke zanamuhla, ezibeka izinsongo ezinkulu emhlabeni futhi ezithinta zonke izici zokuphila komuntu.[1]
AmaCoronavirus ambozwe, anomqondo omuhle, amagciwane e-RNA anomucu owodwa emndenini weCoronaviridae, anoxhaxha olubanzi lwamasosha afana nabantu, amalulwane, amakamela nezinhlobo zezinyoni, okuhlanganisa imfuyo kanye nezilwane ezikanye nazo, ezibeka engcupheni impilo yomphakathi. 1 Ama-Coronavirus ahlukaniswa emndenini ongaphansi we-Orthocoronavirinae, ophinde uhlukaniswe waba imikhakha emine, ngokusekelwe emehlukweni wokulandelana kwamaprotheni: i-a-coronavirus, i-b-coronavirus, i-g-coronavirus, kanye ne-d-coronavirus.Ama-a-coronavirus kanye nama-b-coronavirus athelela izilwane ezincelisayo kuphela, kanti ama-g-coronavirus kanye nama-d-coronaviruses ahlasela izinyoni, nakuba ezinye zazo zingathelela izilwane ezincelisayo.I-HCoV-229E,

I-oV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, SARSCoV, MERS-CoV, kanye ne-SARS-CoV-2 ama-coronavirus ayisikhombisa akhonjwe ukuthi athelele abantu.Phakathi kwazo, i-SARSCoV kanye ne-MERS-CoV, eziye zavela kubantu ngo-2002 no-2012, ziyingozi kakhulu.Nakuba i-human coronavirus (HCoV)-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, noma i-HCoV-HKU1 izinhlobo ezizungeza inani labantu zibangela kuphela umkhuhlane ovamile, i-7 acute acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV2), okuyimbangela I-COVID-19, iyinoveli ye-b-coronavirus, eyavela ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2019 futhi yaholela ekufeni kwabantu kabuhlungu.Izimpawu eziyinhloko zeI-COVID 19ziyefana nalezo ze-SARS-CoV kanye ne-MERS-CoV: imfiva, ukukhathala, ukukhwehlela okomile, ubuhlungu besifuba esingenhla, kwesinye isikhathi isifo sohudo, kanye ne-dyspnea.Ngokungafani nesikhathi esedluleukutheleleka nge-coronavirus (CoV)., ukusakazeka ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke, izinga eliphezulu lokutheleleka, isikhathi eside sokufukamela, izifo ezingabonakali, kanye nokuqina kwezifo kwe-SARS-CoV-2 kudinga ulwazi olujulile mayelana namasu okugwema amagciwane.

Njengamanye ama-coronavirus abantu (i-SARS-CoV-2, i-MERS-CoV), i-SARSCoV-2 nayo ine-RNA genome enomucu owodwa, nomuzwa omuhle ocishe ube ngu-30 kb ngosayizi.Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1, amaprotheni e-nucleocapsid (N) e-viral ahlanganisa i-genome ibe inkimbinkimbi enkulu ye-ribonucleoprotein (RNP), esuke imbozwe ama-lipids namaprotheni egciwane S (spike), M (membrane), kanye no-E (imvilophu).Ukuphela kwe-50 ye-genome inezinhlaka ezimbili ezinkulu zokufunda ezivulekile (ama-ORF), i-ORF1a ne-ORF1b, ama-polypeptides afaka ikhodi pp1a kanye ne-pp1b, akhiqizwa abe ama-nonstructural proteins (NSPs) angu-16 ahilela yonke into yokuphindaphinda kwegciwane ngama-viral proteases NSP3 kanye ne-NSP5 ethekwini. isizinda se-protease esifana ne-papain kanye nesizinda se-protease esifana ne-3C, ngokulandelana.9 Ukuphela kwe-30 ye-genome ihlanganisa amaprotheni esakhiwo kanye nama-accessory amaprotheni, okuthi i-ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ne-ORF7b afakazelwe njengamaprotheni esakhiwo segciwane ekwakhekeni kwezinhlayiya zegciwane kanye nomsebenzi we-ORF3b kanye ne-ORF6 njengabaphikisi be-interferon.Ngokwesichasiselo samanje esisekelweni sokufana okulandelanayo kwamanye ama-b-coronavirus, i-SARS-CoV-2 ifaka ukuqagela kwamaprotheni ayisisetshenziswa ayisithupha (3a, 6, 7a, 7b, 8, kanye no-10).Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke lawa ma-ORF aqinisekisiwe okwamanje, futhi inani eliqondile lezakhi zofuzo ze-SARS-CoV-2 liseyiphuzu lombango.Ngakho-ke, namanje akukacaci ukuthi yiziphi izakhi zofuzo ezisetshenziswayo ezivezwa yile genome ehlangene .[2]
Ukuhlolwa okuzwela kakhulu futhi okuqondile kubalulekile ukukhomba nokuphatha iziguli ze-COVID-19 kanye nokusebenzisa izindlela zokulawula ukunciphisa ukuqubuka.Ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana e-Point-of-care (POC) kunamandla okuvumela ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokuhlukaniswa okungu-2 kwamacala aqinisekisiwe e-SARS-CoV-2, uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuxilonga ezisekelwe elabhorethri, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukusakazeka kwasekhaya nomphakathi.
[1]Umthelela womtholampilo nokusebenza wokutholwa kwe-SARS-CoV-2 endaweni yokunakekelwa ngokushesha emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo
[2] Impi phakathi komsingathi kanye ne-SARS-CoV-2: Ukuzivikela okungaphakathi kanye namasu okugwema igciwane