Ngokohlelo Lukazwelonke Lwezemfundo Ye-Cholesterol (NCEP), i-American Diabetes Association (ADA), kanye ne-CDC, ukubaluleka kokuqonda amazinga e-lipid ne-glucose kubaluleke kakhulu ekwehliseni izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nokufa okubangelwa izimo ezingagwemeka.[1-3]
I-Dyslipidemia ichazwa njengokukhuphuka kwe-plasmai-cholesterol noma i-triglycerides (TG), noma kokubili, noma okuphansihigh-density lipoprotein (HDL)izinga elinomthelela ekwakhiweni kwe-atherosclerosis.Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-dyslipidemia zingabandakanya ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo eziholela ekukhiqizeni ngokweqile noma ekukhishweni okungalungile kwe-TG kanyelow-density lipoprotein (LDL)cholesterol noma ekukhiqizweni okungaphansi noma ukucaciswa ngokweqile kwe-HDL.Izimbangela zesibili ze-dyslipidemia zihlanganisa indlela yokuphila yokunganyakazi nokudla ngokweqile kwamafutha agcwele kanye ne-cholesterol.[4]
I-Cholesterol iyi-lipid etholakala kuzo zonke izicubu zezilwane, igazi, i-bile, namafutha ezilwane ezibalulekile ekwakhekeni nasekusebenzeni kolwelwesi lwamangqamuzana, ukwakheka kwamahomoni, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamavithamini ancibilika emafutheni.I-cholesterol idlula egazini ngama-lipoprotein. Ama-LDL ama-5 aletha i-cholesterol emangqamuzaneni, lapho isetshenziswa khona kulwelwesi noma ekuhlanganiseni amahomoni e-steroid.6 Izinga eliphakeme le-LDL liholela ekwandeni kwe-cholesterol emithanjeni.[5]Ngokuphambene, i-HDL iqoqa i-cholesterol eyeqile emangqamuzaneni futhi iyibuyisele esibindini.[6]I-cholesterol ephakeme egazini ingahlangana nezinye izinto, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwama-plaque.I-TG ama-ester atholakala ku-glycerol kanye nama-acids amathathu-fatty ngokuvamile agcinwa kumaseli amafutha.Amahomoni akhulula i-TG ukuze uthole amandla phakathi kokudla.I-TG ingase iphakamise ingozi yesifo senhliziyo futhi ibhekwa njengophawu lwe-metabolic syndrome;ngakho, ukuqapha i-lipid kubalulekile ngoba i-dyslipidemia engalawuliwe ingaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo senhliziyo.[7]
I-Dyslipidemia itholakala kusetshenziswa i-serumukuhlolwa kwephrofayili ye-lipid.1Lokhu kuhlolwa kukala i-cholesterol ephelele, i-cholesterol ye-HDL, i-TG, kanye ne-cholesterol ye-LDL ebaliwe.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esingelapheki esibonakala ngokungasebenzi komzimba kwe-insulin neglucagon.I-Glucagon ikhiqizwa ngenxa yokugcwala kweglucose ephansi, okuholela ku-glycogenolysis.I-insulin ikhiqizwa ngenxa yokusabela ekudleni, okwenza amangqamuzana athathe i-glucose egazini futhi ayiguqulele ku-glycogen ukuze igcinwe.[8]Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-glucagon noma i-insulin kungaholela ku-hyperglycemia.Isifo sikashukela singagcina silimaze amehlo, izinso, izinzwa, inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.Ziningi izivivinyo ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlonza isifo sikashukela.Okunye kwalokhu kuhlola kufaka phakathi i-glucose yegazi engahleliwe kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-glucose okuzila ukudla kwe-plasma.[9]
I-Epidemiology
Ngokusho kwe-CDC, abantu abadala baseMelika abayizigidi ezingama-71 (33.5%) bane-dyslipidemia.Umuntu oyedwa kwaba-3 kuphela one-cholesterol ephezulu onesifo esilawulwayo.Isilinganiso sengqikithi ye-cholesterol yabantu abadala baseMelika singama-200 mg/dL.11 I-CDC ilinganisela ukuthi abantu baseMelika abayizigidi ezingu-29.1 (9.3%) banesifo sikashukela, abayizigidi ezingu-21 abaxilongwa futhi abayizigidi ezingu-8.1 (27.8%) abangakatholwa.[2]
I-Hyperlipidemia“isifo sokuceba” esivamile emphakathini wanamuhla.Eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, iye yathuthuka yaba izehlakalo eziphezulu emhlabeni wonke.Ngokusho kwe-WHO, Kusukela ngekhulu lama-21, isilinganiso sabantu abayizigidi ezingu-2.6 babulawa izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi (njenge-acute myocardial infarction kanye nesifo sohlangothi) okubangelwa yi-hyperlipidemia yesikhathi eside njalo ngonyaka.Ukusabalala kwe-hyperlipidemia kubantu abadala baseYurophu kungamaphesenti angama-54, futhi cishe abantu abadala baseYurophu abayizigidi eziyi-130 bane-hyperlipidemia.Isigameko se-hyperlipidemia e-United States sibi ngokulinganayo kodwa siphansi kancane kunase-Europe.Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-50 amadoda namaphesenti angu-48 abesifazane e-United States ane-hyperlipidemia.Iziguli ze-Hyperlipidemia zithambekele ekubeni ne-cerebral apoplexy;Futhi uma imithambo yegazi esemehlweni omzimba womuntu ivalekile, kuyoholela ekwehleni kombono, noma ngisho nokuphuphutheka;Uma kwenzeka ezinso, kuzodala ukuvela kwe-renal arteriosclerosis, kuthinte ukusebenza kwezinso okuvamile kwesiguli, kanye nokuvela kokwehluleka kwezinso.Uma kwenzeka emaphethelweni aphansi, i-necrosis nezilonda kungenzeka.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lipids ephezulu yegazi ingase futhi ibangele izinkinga ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-gallstones, i-pancreatitis kanye nokuwohloka komqondo kwe-senile.
IZIKHOMBISI
1. Umbiko Wesithathu Wephaneli Yochwepheshe Bezemfundo Ye-Cholesterol Kazwelonke (NCEP) umbiko wokugcina.Ukujikeleza.2002;106:3143-3421.
2. CDC.Umbiko Kazwelonke Wezibalo Zesifo Sikashukela wango-2014.Okthoba 14, 2014. www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics/2014statisticsreport.html.Ifinyelele ngoJulayi 20, 2014.
3. CDC, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention.Iphepha le-Cholesterol.www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_cholesterol.htm.Ifinyelele ngoJulayi 20, 2014.
4. Goldberg A. Dyslipidemia.Inguqulo ye-Merck Manual Professional.www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine_and_metabolic_disorders/lipid_disorders/dyslipidemia.html.Ifinyelelwe ngoJulayi 6, 2014.
5. Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Senhliziyo, Amaphaphu, Negazi.Hlola i-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi.https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbc/.Ifinyelelwe ngoJulayi 6, 2014.
6. Iseva yewebhu yezifundo zaseNyuvesi yaseWashington.I-cholesterol, i-lipoprotein nesibindi.http://courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/cholesterol/liver.html.Ifinyelelwe ngoJulayi 10, 2014.
7. IMayo Clinic.I-cholesterol ephezulu.www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/triglycerides/art-20048186.Ifinyelelwe ngoJuni 10, 2014.
8. Isifo sikashukela.co.uk.IGlucagon.www.diabetes.co.uk/body/glucagon.html.Ifinyelelwe ngoJulayi 15, 2014.
9. IMayo Clinic.Isifo sikashukela.www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20033091.Ifinyelelwe ngoJuni 20, 2014.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-17-2022